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VS01: Autonomous Vehicle Safety Systems

This service package improves vehicle safety using on-board sensors that monitor the driving environment surrounding the vehicle. All levels of driving automation are supported ranging from basic warning systems that warn the driver through full automation where the vehicle controls the steering and acceleration/deceleration in all scenarios and environments, without driver intervention. Unlike other Vehicle Safety service packages, this service package includes autonomous capabilities that rely only on on-board systems without communication with other vehicles or the infrastructure.

Relevant Regions: Australia, Canada, European Union, and United States

Enterprise

Development Stage Roles and Relationships

Installation Stage Roles and Relationships

Operations and Maintenance Stage Roles and Relationships
(hide)

Source Destination Role/Relationship
Basic Vehicle Maintainer Basic Vehicle Maintains
Basic Vehicle Manager Basic Vehicle Manages
Basic Vehicle Manager Driver System Usage Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Basic Vehicle Maintainer System Maintenance Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Basic Vehicle Manager Operations Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Driver Application Usage Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Driver Vehicle Operating Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Vehicle Maintainer Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement
Basic Vehicle Owner Vehicle Owner Expectation of Data Provision
Basic Vehicle Owner Vehicle User Service Usage Agreement
Basic Vehicle Supplier Basic Vehicle Owner Warranty
Driver Basic Vehicle Operates
Driver Roadway Owner Expectation of Roadway Condition Management
Driver Vehicle Operates
Roadway Maintainer Roadway Environment Maintains
Roadway Manager Roadway Environment Manages
Roadway Owner Roadway Maintainer System Maintenance Agreement
Roadway Owner Roadway Manager Operations Agreement
Vehicle Characteristics Maintainer Vehicle Characteristics Maintains
Vehicle Characteristics Manager Vehicle Characteristics Manages
Vehicle Characteristics Owner Vehicle Characteristics Maintainer System Maintenance Agreement
Vehicle Characteristics Owner Vehicle Characteristics Manager Operations Agreement
Vehicle Characteristics Supplier Vehicle Characteristics Owner Warranty
Vehicle Maintainer Vehicle Maintains
Vehicle Manager Driver System Usage Agreement
Vehicle Manager Vehicle Manages
Vehicle Owner Basic Vehicle Maintainer Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement
Vehicle Owner Basic Vehicle Owner Expectation of Data Provision
Vehicle Owner Basic Vehicle User Service Usage Agreement
Vehicle Owner Driver Application Usage Agreement
Vehicle Owner Driver Vehicle Operating Agreement
Vehicle Owner Vehicle Maintainer System Maintenance Agreement
Vehicle Owner Vehicle Manager Operations Agreement
Vehicle Supplier Vehicle Owner Warranty

Physical

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Includes Physical Objects:

Physical Object Class Description
Basic Vehicle Vehicle 'Basic Vehicle' represents a complete operating vehicle. It includes the vehicle platform that interfaces with and hosts ITS electronics and all of the driver convenience and entertainment systems, and other non-ITS electronics on-board the vehicle. Interfaces represent both internal on-board interfaces between ITS equipment and other vehicle systems and other passive and active external interfaces or views of the vehicle that support vehicle/traffic monitoring and management. External interfaces may also represent equipment that is carried into the vehicle (e.g., a smartphone that is brought into the vehicle). Internal interfaces are often implemented through a vehicle databus, which is also included in this object. Note that 'Vehicle' represents the general functions and interfaces that are associated with personal automobiles as well as commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and other specialized vehicles.
Driver Vehicle The 'Driver' represents the person that operates a vehicle on the roadway. Included are operators of private, transit, commercial, and emergency vehicles where the interactions are not particular to the type of vehicle (e.g., interactions supporting vehicle safety applications). The Driver originates driver requests and receives driver information that reflects the interactions which might be useful to all drivers, regardless of vehicle classification. Information and interactions which are unique to drivers of a specific vehicle type (e.g., fleet interactions with transit, commercial, or emergency vehicle drivers) are covered by separate objects.
Potential Obstacles Field 'Potential Obstacles' represents any object that possesses the potential of being sensed and struck and thus also possesses physical attributes. Potential Obstacles include roadside obstructions, debris, animals, infrastructure elements (barrels, cones, barriers, etc.) or any other element that is in a potential path of the vehicle. Note that roadside objects and pieces of equipment that can become obstacles in a vehicle's path can include materials, coatings, or labels (e.g., barcodes) that will improve the performance of the vehicle-based sensors that must detect and avoid these obstacles. See also 'Vulnerable Road Users' that more specifically represents the physical properties of shared users of the roadway that must also be detected.
Roadway Environment Field 'Roadway Environment' represents the physical condition and geometry of the road surface, markings, signs, and other objects on or near the road surface. It also represents the environmental conditions immediately surrounding the roadway. The roadway environment must be sensed and interpreted to support automated vehicle services. Surrounding conditions may include fog, ice, snow, rain, wind, etc. which will influence the way in which a vehicle can be safely operated on the roadway. The roadway environment must be monitored to enable corrective action and information dissemination regarding roadway conditions which may adversely affect travel. Infrastructure owner/operators can improve the roadway environment to improve the performance and accuracy of vehicle-based sensors that must sense and interpret this environment. Improvements could include changes in the shape, size, design, and materials used in signs, pavement markings, and other road features.
Vehicle Vehicle This 'Vehicle' physical object is used to model core capabilities that are common to more than one type of Vehicle. It provides the vehicle-based general sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions that support efficient, safe, and convenient travel. Many of these capabilities (e.g., see the Vehicle Safety service packages) apply to all vehicle types including personal vehicles, commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and maintenance vehicles. From this perspective, the Vehicle includes the common interfaces and functions that apply to all motorized vehicles. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the Vehicle. Both one-way and two-way communications options support a spectrum of information services from basic broadcast to advanced personalized information services. Advanced sensors, processors, enhanced driver interfaces, and actuators complement the driver information services so that, in addition to making informed mode and route selections, the driver travels these routes in a safer and more consistent manner. This physical object supports all six levels of driving automation as defined in SAE J3016. Initial collision avoidance functions provide 'vigilant co-pilot' driver warning capabilities. More advanced functions assume limited control of the vehicle to maintain lane position and safe headways. In the most advanced implementations, this Physical Object supports full automation of all aspects of the driving task, aided by communications with other vehicles in the vicinity and in coordination with supporting infrastructure subsystems.
Vehicle Characteristics Vehicle 'Vehicle Characteristics' represents the external view of individual vehicles of any class from cars and light trucks up to large commercial vehicles and down to micromobility vehicles (MMVs). It includes vehicle physical characteristics such as height, width, length, weight, and other properties (e.g., magnetic properties, number of axles) of individual vehicles that can be sensed and measured or classified. This physical object represents the physical properties of vehicles that can be sensed by vehicle-based or infrastructure-based sensors to support vehicle automation and traffic sensor systems. The analog properties provided by this terminator represent the sensor inputs that are used to detect and assess vehicle(s) within the sensor's range to support safe AV operation and/or responsive and safe traffic management.
Vulnerable Road Users Personal 'Vulnerable Road Users' represents any roadway user not in a motorized vehicle capable of operating at the posted speed for the roadway in question, and also any roadway user in a vehicle not designed to encase (and thus protect) its occupants. This includes pedestrians, cyclists, wheelchair users, two-wheeled scooter micromobility users, as well as powered scooters and motorcycles. Note that this terminator represents the physical properties of vulnerable road users and their conveyance that may be sensed to support safe vehicle automation and traffic management in mixed mode applications where a variety of road users share the right-of-way. See also 'Pedestrian' and 'MMV User' Physical Objects that represent the human interface to these vulnerable road users.

Includes Functional Objects:

Functional Object Description Physical Object
Vehicle Control Automation 'Vehicle Control Automation' provides lateral and/or longitudinal control of a vehicle to allow 'hands off' and/or 'feet off' driving, automating the steering, accelerator, and brake control functions. It builds on the sensors included in 'Vehicle Safety Monitoring' and 'Vehicle Control Warning' and uses the information about the area surrounding the vehicle to safely control the vehicle. It covers the range of incremental control capabilities from driver assistance systems that take over steering or acceleration/deceleration in limited scenarios with direct monitoring by the driver to full automation where all aspects of driving are automated under all roadway and environmental conditions. Vehicle
Vehicle Control Warning 'Vehicle Control Warning' monitors areas around the vehicle and provides warnings to a driver so the driver can take action to recover and maintain safe control of the vehicle. It includes lateral warning systems that warn of lane departures and obstacles or vehicles to the sides of the vehicle and longitudinal warning systems that monitor areas in the vehicle path and provide warnings when headways are insufficient or obstacles are detected in front of or behind the vehicle. It includes on-board sensors, including radars and imaging systems, and the driver information system that provides the visual, audible, and/or haptic warnings to the driver. Vehicle
Vehicle Safety Monitoring 'Vehicle Safety Monitoring' monitors critical components of the vehicle and warns the driver of safety issues. These capabilities are provided by on-board sensors that monitor vehicle condition and performance, including steering, braking, acceleration, emissions, fuel economy, engine performance, etc.

This functional object can also monitor the driver's condition and warn the driver of potential safety issues. It includes sensors and behavior monitoring capabilities that assess the suitability of the driver (e.g., fitness and alertness) to assume or maintain manual control of the vehicle.
Vehicle

Includes Information Flows:

Information Flow Description
driver input Driver input to the vehicle on-board equipment including configuration data, settings and preferences, interactive requests, and control commands.
driver input information Driver input received from the driver-vehicle interface equipment via the vehicle bus. It includes configuration data, settings and preferences, interactive requests, and control commands for the connected vehicle on-board equipment.
driver update information Information provided to the driver-vehicle interface to inform the driver about current conditions, potential hazards, and the current status of vehicle on-board equipment. The flow includes the information to be presented to the driver and associated metadata that supports processing, prioritization, and presentation by the DVI as visual displays, audible information and warnings, and/or haptic feedback.
driver updates Information provided to the driver including visual displays, audible information and warnings, and haptic feedback. The updates inform the driver about current conditions, potential hazards, and the current status of vehicle on-board equipment.
host vehicle status Information provided to the ITS on-board equipment from other systems on the vehicle platform. This includes the current status of the powertrain, steering, and braking systems, and status of other safety and convenience systems. In implementations where GPS is not integrated into the Vehicle On-Board Equipment, the host vehicle is also the source for data describing the vehicle's location in three dimensions (latitude, longitude, elevation) and accurate time that can be used for time synchronization across the ITS environment.
physical presence Detection of an obstacle. Obstacle could include animals, incident management and construction elements such as cones, barrels and barriers, rocks in roadway, etc.
roadway characteristics Detectable or measurable road characteristics such as friction coefficient and general surface conditions, road geometry and markings, etc. These characteristics are monitored or measured by ITS sensors and used to support advanced vehicle safety and control and road maintenance capabilities.
vehicle characteristics The physical or visible characteristics of individual vehicles that can be used to detect, classify, and monitor vehicles and imaged to uniquely identify vehicles.
vehicle control Control commands issued to vehicle actuators that control steering, throttle, and braking and other related commands that support safe transition between manual and automated vehicle control. This flow can also deploy restraints and other safety systems when a collision is unavoidable.
vulnerable road user presence Detection of pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road users. This detection is based on physical characteristics of the user and their conveyance, which may be enhanced by design and materials that facilitate sensor-based detection and tracking of vulnerable road users.

Goals and Objectives

Associated Planning Factors and Goals

Planning Factor Goal
B. Increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users; Reduce fatalities and injuries

Associated Objective Categories

Objective Category
Safety: Vehicle Crashes and Fatalities

Associated Objectives and Performance Measures

Objective Performance Measure
Reduce crashes at intersections Number of crashes and fatalities at signalized intersections
Reduce crashes at intersections Number of crashes and fatalities at unsignalized intersections
Reduce crashes at intersections Number of crashes and fatalities related to red-light running
Reduce crashes due to driver errors and limitations Number of crashes and fatalities related to driver inattention and distraction
Reduce crashes due to driver errors and limitations Number of crashes and fatalities related to driving while intoxicated
Reduce crashes due to red-light running Number of crashes and fatalities related to red-light running
Reduce crashes due to unexpected congestion Number of crashes and fatalities related to unexpected congestion
Reduce crashes due to unsafe drivers, vehicles and cargo on the transportation system Number of crashes and fatalities due to commercial vehicle safety violations
Reduce lane departure crashes Number of crashes and fatalities related to inappropriate lane departure, crossing or merging
Reduce the number of fatalities in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle operator with a BAC of.08 and above by X percent by Y year. Number of fatalities in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle operator with a BAC of.08 and above
Reduce the number of motorcyclist fatalities by X percent by year Y. Number of motorcyclist fatalities
Reduce the number of speeding-related fatalities by X percent by year Y. Number of speeding-related fatalities
Reduce the rate fatalities in the region by X percent by year Y. Rate of fatalities (rate per vehicle miles travelled (VMT))
Reduce the rate of severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y. Rate of serious injuries (rate per VMT)
Reduce the total number of crashes in the region by X percent by year Y. Total crashes per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of crashes involving bicyclists and pedestrians in the region by X percent by year Y. Total crashes involving bicycles.
Reduce the total number of crashes involving bicyclists and pedestrians in the region by X percent by year Y. Total crashes involving pedestrians.
Reduce the total number of fatalities and severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y. Total fatalities per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of fatalities and severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y. Total severe injuries per X VMT.
Reduce the total number of fatalities in the region by X percent by year Y. Number of fatalities
Reduce the total number of severe injuries in the region by X percent by year Y. Number of serious injuries


 
Since the mapping between objectives and service packages is not always straight-forward and often situation-dependent, these mappings should only be used as a starting point. Users should do their own analysis to identify the best service packages for their region.

Needs and Requirements

Need Functional Object Requirement
01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system. Vehicle Control Automation 01 The vehicle shall monitor the area behind and in front of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle.
02 The vehicle shall monitor the area to the sides of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle to determine if a control adjustment is needed.
03 The vehicle shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle and the current speed and direction of the vehicle.
04 The vehicle shall collect location and motion data from the vehicle platform.
06 The vehicle shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle, roadway characteristics, and the current speed and direction of the vehicle.
Vehicle Control Warning 01 The vehicle shall monitor the area to the sides of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle and if a warning is needed.
02 The vehicle shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object to warn the driver, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle, roadway characteristics, and the current speed and direction of the vehicle.
Vehicle Safety Monitoring 01 The vehicle shall collect and monitor data concerning the safety of the vehicle - including, steering, braking, acceleration, emissions, fuel economy, engine performance, etc.
02 The vehicle shall determine the status of the vehicle in terms of its continued ability to operate in a safe manner.
02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems. Vehicle Control Automation 07 The vehicle shall provide position control adjustments and warnings to the driver when an object gets close enough to the vehicle to become a hazard if no action is taken by the driver.
10 The vehicle shall present vehicle control information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner.
Vehicle Control Warning 03 The vehicle shall provide position warnings to the driver when an object gets close enough to the vehicle to become a hazard if no action is taken by the driver.
04 The vehicle shall present vehicle control warnings information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner.
09 The vehicle shall collect location and motion data from the vehicle platform.
Vehicle Safety Monitoring 03 The vehicle shall provide warnings to the driver of potential dangers based on sensor input and analysis concerning the safety of the vehicle.
04 The vehicle shall present safety information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner.
03 Drivers need their vehicles to provide the vehicle control actions ranging from basic safety system intervention to prevent crashes leading up to complete operation of the vehicle depending upon the level of automation. Vehicle Control Automation 04 The vehicle shall collect location and motion data from the vehicle platform.
08 The vehicle shall provide an interface through which a vehicle driver can initiate, monitor and terminate automatic control of the vehicle.
09 The vehicle shall send appropriate control actions to the vehicle's steering actuators.

Related Sources

Document Name Version Publication Date
ITS User Services Document 1/1/2005


Security

In order to participate in this service package, each physical object should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Physical Object Security
Physical Object Confidentiality Integrity Availability Security Class
Basic Vehicle  
Potential Obstacles  
Roadway Environment Not Applicable Low Low Class 1
Vehicle Not Applicable Low Low Class 1
Vehicle Characteristics  
Vulnerable Road Users  



In order to participate in this service package, each information flow triple should meet or exceed the following security levels.

Information Flow Security
Source Destination Information Flow Confidentiality Integrity Availability
Basis Basis Basis
Basic Vehicle Vehicle driver input information Moderate High High
Internal vehicle flow that if reverse engineered could enable third party vehicle control. Largely a competitive question, could be set LOW if manufacturer and operator are not concerned with this type of compromise. Includes vehicle control commands, which must be timely and accurate to support safe vehicle operation. Includes vehicle control commands, which must be timely and accurate to support safe vehicle operation.
Basic Vehicle Vehicle host vehicle status Low Moderate High
Unlikely that this includes any information that could be used against the originator. This can be MODERATE or HIGH, depending on the application: This is used later on to determine whether a vehicle is likely going to violate a red light or infringe a work zone. This needs to be correct in order for the application to work correctly. Since this monitors the health and safety of the vehicle and that information is eventually reported to the driver, it should be available at all times as it directly affects vehicle and operator safety.
Driver Vehicle driver input Moderate High High
Data included in this flow may include origin and destination information, which should be protected from other's viewing as it may compromise the driver's privacy. Commands from from the driver to the vehicle must be correct or the vehicle may behave in an unpredictable and possibly unsafe manner Commands must always be able to be given or the driver has no control.
Roadway Environment Vehicle roadway characteristics Not Applicable Low Low
Sensor-based information flows by definition have no confidentiality concerns. While typically security concerns related to sensing ignored, if considered this would be LOW, as the obfuscation or failure of any given environmental sensor is likely to be overcome by the mass of data necessary to draw environmental concluisions. While typically security concerns related to sensing ignored, if considered this would be LOW, as the obfuscation or failure of any given environmental sensor is likely to be overcome by the mass of data necessary to draw environmental concluisions.
Vehicle Basic Vehicle driver update information Low Moderate Moderate
This information is all presented to the vehicle operator. Encrypting this information may make it harder to reverse engineer vehicle systems, and may defeat criminal tracking tools when the vehicle has already been compromised. Unless those scenarios are of concern to the operator or manufacturer, this can safely be set LOW. Any information presented to the operator of a vehicle should be both accurate and timely. By definition this includes safety information, but given that the driver has other means of learning about most threats, it seems difficult to justify HIGH. If HIGH is warranted, it should apply to both availability and integrity. Any information presented to the operator of a vehicle should be both accurate and timely. By definition this includes safety information, but given that the driver has other means of learning about most threats, it seems difficult to justify HIGH. If HIGH is warranted, it should apply to both availability and integrity.
Vehicle Basic Vehicle vehicle control Moderate High High
Internal vehicle flow that if reverse engineered could enable third party vehicle control. Largely a competitive question, could be set LOW if manufacturer and operator are not concerned with this type of compromise. Includes vehicle control commands, which must be timely and accurate to support safe vehicle operation. Includes vehicle control commands, which must be timely and accurate to support safe vehicle operation.
Vehicle Driver driver updates Not Applicable Moderate Moderate
This data is informing the driver about the safety of a nearby area. It should not contain anything sensitive, and does not matter if another person can observe it. This is the information that is presented to the driver. If they receive incorrect information, they may act in an unsafe manner. However, there are other indicators that would alert them to any hazards, such as an oncoming vehicle or crossing safety lights. If this information is not made available to the driver, then the system has not operated correctly.

Standards

Currently, there are no standards associated with the physical objects in this service package. For standards related to interfaces, see the specific information flow triple pages.





System Requirements

System Requirement Need
001 The system shall monitor the area behind and in front of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
002 The system shall monitor the area to the sides of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle to determine if a control adjustment is needed. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
003 The system shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle and the current speed and direction of the vehicle. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
004 The system shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle, roadway characteristics, and the current speed and direction of the vehicle. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
005 The system shall provide position control adjustments and warnings to the driver when an object gets close enough to the vehicle to become a hazard if no action is taken by the driver. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.
006 The system shall provide an interface through which a vehicle driver can initiate, monitor and terminate automatic control of the vehicle. 03 Drivers need their vehicles to provide the vehicle control actions ranging from basic safety system intervention to prevent crashes leading up to complete operation of the vehicle depending upon the level of automation.
007 The system shall send appropriate control actions to the vehicle's steering actuators. 03 Drivers need their vehicles to provide the vehicle control actions ranging from basic safety system intervention to prevent crashes leading up to complete operation of the vehicle depending upon the level of automation.
008 The system shall present vehicle control information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.
009 The system shall monitor the area to the sides of the vehicle to determine the proximity of other objects to the vehicle and if a warning is needed. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
010 The system shall evaluate the likelihood of a collision between two vehicles or a vehicle and a stationary object to warn the driver, based on the proximity of other objects to the vehicle, roadway characteristics, and the current speed and direction of t 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
011 The system shall provide position warnings to the driver when an object gets close enough to the vehicle to become a hazard if no action is taken by the driver. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.
012 The system shall present vehicle control warnings information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.
013 The system shall collect and monitor data concerning the safety of the vehicle - including, steering, braking, acceleration, emissions, fuel economy, engine performance, etc. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
014 The system shall determine the status of the vehicle in terms of its continued ability to operate in a safe manner. 01 Drivers need their vehicle to monitor the vehicle systems and the traffic in the vicinity of the vehicle in order determine if there are situations that require intervention by the driver or on-board safety system.
015 The system shall provide warnings to the driver of potential dangers based on sensor input and analysis concerning the safety of the vehicle. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.
016 The system shall present safety information to the driver in audible or visual forms without impairing the driver's ability to control the vehicle in a safe manner. 02 Drivers need their vehicle to provide safety warnings to them when a safety compromising situation is detected by on board systems.